Finnische Landschaft

Fischreiche Wässer! Schönbaumige Wälder!

Birken- und Beerenduft!

Vieltoniger Wald, durchschaukelnd eine Luft

So mild, als stünden jene eisernen Milchbehälter

Die dort vom weißen Gute rollen, offen!

Geruch und Ton und Bild und Sinn verschwimmt.

Der Flüchtling sitzt im Erlengrund und nimmt

Sein schwieriges Handwerk wieder auf: das Hoffen.

 

Er achtet gut der schöngehäuften Ähre

Und starker Kreatur, die sich zum Wasser neigt

Doch derer auch, die Korn und Milch nicht nährt.

Er fragt die Fähre, die mit Stämmen fährt:

Ist dies das Holz, ohn das kein Holzbein wäre?

Und sieht ein Volk, das in zwei Sprachen schweigt.

  

 

Bertolt Brecht, Werke. Große kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe, Band 12: Gedichte 2. © Bertolt-Brecht-Erben / Suhrkamp Verlag 1988


  • Country in which the text is set
    Finland
  • Featured locations
    Marlebäck Manor near Kymi river, former Kymi County, Finland



  • Impact
    The sonnet Finnische Landschaft (Finnish Landscape) is included in the same collection. It was written at Marlebäck, the writer Hella Wuolijoki’s estate, where the Brecht group spent three summer months. The opening lines of the sonnet are taken almost word for word from Brecht’s journal entry of 8 July, 1940, showing that the poem deals with a landscape the writer actually experienced. As the result of a Finnish translation by Arvo Turtiainen, the poem became known in Finland before it did in Germany, and the closing line, “Volk, das in zwei Sprachen schweigt” (a people that is silent in two languages), was adopted as a saying. In his Flüchtlingsgesprächen (Refugee Conversations) Brecht explains that what has often been assumed to be a statement on national character actually refers to the “silence” of the Finnish workers’ movement following its defeat in the civil war of 1918.

    The poems making up the Steffinische Sammlung were printed the first time in 1967 in volume 9 of the 20 volumes of collected works published by Suhrkamp Verlag in Frankfurt am Main. Finnische Landschaft was also printed —and dedicated to Wuolijoki—in the program for the premiere of Puntila in Zurich in 1948.



  • Balticness
    When in August 1938 Brecht gave his planned collection of “Poems in Exile” the title Svendborger Gedichte (Svendborg Poems), he signalled a clear turn towards the concrete environment of the countries in which he spent his Scandinavian exile. The poems use the concrete details of his own everyday emigrant experience to illuminate the prevailing circumstances of National Socialist expansion across Europe. The house on Funen and his garden, the Stockholm island of Lidingö, and the natural environment of the Marlebäck estate are named and presented in the poems. In his Marlebäck sonnet Finnische Landschaft (Finnish Landscape) Brecht achieves a highpoint in terms of sensual, synaesthetic comprehension of the Nordic landscape.

    Yet here too, the natural motifs retain their emblematically referential character. Nature poems based purely on an interest in particular locations and the feelings they evoke are not something we can expect from Brecht. And it is therefore hardly surprising to find both poems ending with an eminently political punch line.

                                                                                                      Hans Peter Neureuter



  • Bibliographic information

    Bertolt Brecht: Große kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe. Hg. Von W. Hecht, J. Knopf, W. Mittenzwei, K.-D. Müller, Band 12: Gedichte 2 (Sammlungen 1938-1956), Berlin, Weimar, Frankfurt am Main 1988 (Bearbeitet von Jan Knopf), S. 110

    Overall views of life and work: Jan Knopf (ed.): Brecht Handbuch, 5 vols, Stuttgart 2001-2003.  Jan Knopf: BB, Stuttgart 2000,  Günter Berg, Wolfgang Jeske: BB, Stuttgart 1998,  Werner Mittenzwei: Das Leben des BB oder Der Umgang mit den Welträtseln, 2 vols, Berlin, Weimar 1986-87.

     

  • Translations
    Language Year Translator
    English 1976 John Willett
    Finnish 1954 Arvo Turtiainen
    Latvian 1969 Māris Čaklais
    Swedish 1965 Anders Aleby
    Swedish 1998 Jan Hammarlund
         

     

    Finnish 1954 Arvo Turtiainen
    Latvian 1969 Māris Čaklais
    Swedish 1965 Anders Aleby
    Swedish 1998 Jan Hammarlund
  • Year of first publication
    1948
  • Place of first publication
    Zürich